{"id":40360,"date":"2026-08-17T15:24:02","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T13:24:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ordoiuris.pl\/analiza\/opinie-komitetow-nie-sa-wiazace-wyrok-trybunalu-w-hadze-wazny-dla-ochrony-zycia\/"},"modified":"2026-08-19T11:43:55","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T09:43:55","slug":"committee-opinions-are-not-binding-the-hague-courts-ruling-matters-for-the-protection-of-life","status":"publish","type":"analizy","link":"https:\/\/ordoiuris.pl\/en\/analyses\/committee-opinions-are-not-binding-the-hague-courts-ruling-matters-for-the-protection-of-life\/","title":{"rendered":"Committee Opinions Are Not Binding: The Hague Court\u2019s Ruling Matters for the Protection of Life"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-row-layout-id40360_d5f612-b8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id40360_d5f612-b8 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id40360_d5f612-b8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1350px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id40360_d5f612-b8 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id40360_d5f612-b8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id40360_d5f612-b8 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id40360_d5f612-b8 alignfull wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column40360_dd0563-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column40360_dd0563-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column40360_dd0563-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column40360_dd0563-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column40360_dd0563-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column40360_dd0563-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column40360_dd0563-16{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column40360_dd0563-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column40360_dd0563-16 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column40360_dd0563-16\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_d6f86c-14, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_d6f86c-14[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_d6f86c-14\"]{max-width:50px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:50px;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-family:'DrukWide Bold';}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_d6f86c-14 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_d6f86c-14[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_d6f86c-14\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_d6f86c-14 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_d6f86c-14[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_d6f86c-14\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading40360_d6f86c-14 wp360-single-one wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_d6f86c-14\">1<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68\"]{max-width:1200px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:23px;line-height:1.3em;font-style:normal;font-family:var( u002du002dglobal-heading-font-family, inherit );}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68\"]{font-size:26px;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68\"]{font-size:18px;}}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_e2b024-68\"><strong><strong>The International Court of Justice (ICJ) \u2014 the principal judicial organ of the United Nations \u2014 has ruled that the statements of UN expert committees do not, in themselves, constitute a binding interpretation of treaties.<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_5dd2c9-26, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_5dd2c9-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_5dd2c9-26\"]{max-width:50px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:50px;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-family:'DrukWide Bold';}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_5dd2c9-26 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_5dd2c9-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_5dd2c9-26\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_5dd2c9-26 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_5dd2c9-26[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_5dd2c9-26\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading40360_5dd2c9-26 wp360-single-one wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_5dd2c9-26\">2<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b\"]{max-width:1200px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:23px;line-height:1.3em;font-style:normal;font-family:var( u002du002dglobal-heading-font-family, inherit );}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b\"]{font-size:26px;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b\"]{font-size:18px;}}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_b7fc17-5b\"><strong><strong>At most, they remain a \u201csupplementary means\u201d of interpretation that no one is obligated to accept.<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_224664-f9, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_224664-f9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_224664-f9\"]{max-width:50px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:50px;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-family:'DrukWide Bold';}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_224664-f9 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_224664-f9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_224664-f9\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_224664-f9 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_224664-f9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_224664-f9\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading40360_224664-f9 wp360-single-one wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_224664-f9\">3<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d\"]{max-width:1200px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:23px;line-height:1.3em;font-style:normal;font-family:var( u002du002dglobal-heading-font-family, inherit );}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d\"]{font-size:26px;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d\"]{font-size:18px;}}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_612fd7-4d\"><strong>This means that, among other things, the so-called \u201cright to abortion\u201d derived by UN committees has no basis in treaties and creates no international obligation.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_bf2e9a-a9, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_bf2e9a-a9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_bf2e9a-a9\"]{max-width:50px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:50px;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-family:'DrukWide Bold';}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_bf2e9a-a9 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_bf2e9a-a9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_bf2e9a-a9\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_bf2e9a-a9 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_bf2e9a-a9[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_bf2e9a-a9\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading40360_bf2e9a-a9 wp360-single-one wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_bf2e9a-a9\">4<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e48687-13, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e48687-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_e48687-13\"]{max-width:1200px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:23px;line-height:1.3em;font-style:normal;font-family:var( u002du002dglobal-heading-font-family, inherit );}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e48687-13 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e48687-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_e48687-13\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e48687-13 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e48687-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_e48687-13\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e48687-13, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e48687-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_e48687-13\"]{font-size:26px;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e48687-13, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_e48687-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_e48687-13\"]{font-size:18px;}}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading40360_e48687-13 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_e48687-13\"><strong><strong>Poland retains sovereign freedom over its own legal regulations, including the protection of life at the prenatal stage, in keeping with the actual text of the treaties.<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_12d386-13, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_12d386-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_12d386-13\"]{max-width:1200px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:23px;line-height:1.3em;font-style:normal;font-family:var( u002du002dglobal-heading-font-family, inherit );}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_12d386-13 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_12d386-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_12d386-13\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_12d386-13 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_12d386-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_12d386-13\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_12d386-13, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_12d386-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_12d386-13\"]{font-size:26px;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_12d386-13, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40360_12d386-13[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_12d386-13\"]{font-size:18px;}}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading40360_12d386-13 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40360_12d386-13\"><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id40360_12b3f4-dd{margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xl, 4rem);}.kb-row-layout-id40360_12b3f4-dd > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id40360_12b3f4-dd > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id40360_12b3f4-dd > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id40360_12b3f4-dd > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id40360_12b3f4-dd > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id40360_12b3f4-dd > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id40360_12b3f4-dd alignfull wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column40360_1c9182-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column40360_1c9182-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column40360_1c9182-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column40360_1c9182-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column40360_1c9182-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column40360_1c9182-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column40360_1c9182-4e{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column40360_1c9182-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column40360_1c9182-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column40360_1c9182-4e\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image40360_0fb418-3b:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-bottom:-30px;}.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image40360_0fb418-3b{position:relative;z-index:5;}.kb-image40360_0fb418-3b .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image40360_0fb418-3b\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"114\" height=\"54\" src=\"https:\/\/ordoiuris.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/wpis-obrazek.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-4085\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-40360_2e1764-12 .kt-block-spacer{height:6px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-40360_2e1764-12 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#ced2ea;width:100%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-40360_2e1764-12\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Origins of the case<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The International Court of Justice (ICJ) \u2014 the principal judicial organ of the United Nations \u2014 has stated unequivocally, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/191\/191-20260521-adv-01-00-en.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/191\/191-20260521-adv-01-00-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">in an advisory opinion<\/a>, that the pronouncements of treaty-monitoring bodies (committees made up of independent experts) <strong>do not, in themselves, constitute a binding interpretation of a treaty and do not create international obligations for states<\/strong>. Although the case before the ICJ formally concerned the right to strike, this finding is of fundamental importance for the long-running dispute over whether UN committees can, through their pronouncements alone, create a so-called \u201cright to abortion.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The dispute that led to the opinion had been unfolding within the International Labour Organization (ILO) for more than a decade. Since 2012, a group of employers had argued that the organization\u2019s supervisory bodies \u2014 including the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations \u2014 had exceeded their mandate by deriving protection for striking workers from Convention No. 87, which does not mention the right to strike explicitly. The internal mechanisms of the ILO\u2019s tripartite structure (governments, employers, and workers) failed to resolve the dispute, prompting the ILO\u2019s Governing Body to request an advisory opinion from the ICJ in November 2023. This was only the second such request in the ILO\u2019s history \u2014 the first was submitted back in 1932, to the Court\u2019s predecessor. The case drew broad interest: it received 31 written statements, and 18 states and five international organizations took part in the hearings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What did the Court establish?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The opinion was issued in the case <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icj-cij.org\/sites\/default\/files\/case-related\/191\/191-20260521-adv-01-00-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>Right to Strike under ILO Convention No. 87<\/u><\/a> (Case No. 191). By a vote of 10 to 4, the Court held that Convention No. 87 protects the right to strike \u2014 <strong>basing this conclusion primarily on the text of the convention itself<\/strong>, under the general rule of interpretation set out in Article 31(1) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). What matters most for present purposes, however, is the Court\u2019s determination of the legal character of expert bodies\u2019 positions. The ICJ indicated that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the pronouncements of such bodies are not \u201csubsequent practice\u201d within the meaning of Article 31(3)(b) of the VCLT and do not automatically create an agreement among the states parties on the interpretation of a treaty. A unilateral declaration by a body does not constitute such an agreement, even if repeated consistently and with authority;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>they can influence treaty interpretation only derivatively, to the extent that they prompt or reflect the states\u2019 own practice, which itself must satisfy the \u201cagreement\u201d requirement of that provision;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>beyond that, they remain merely a supplementary means of interpretation under Article 32 of the VCLT, which \u2014 as the Court stressed \u2014 no body applying the treaty is obligated to accept, whether an international court or, still less, a domestic court or authority.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is telling that even in a case whose substantive outcome \u2014 protection of the right to strike \u2014 matched the position the ILO\u2019s supervisory bodies had advocated for years, the Court still declined to treat their pronouncements as capable of creating a freestanding treaty obligation. The positions of those bodies played a confirmatory role; they were not, by themselves, the legal basis for the ruling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The \u201cgreat weight\u201d formula and dissenting opinions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court applied \u2014 with appropriate modifications \u2014 the \u201cgreat weight\u201d formula first articulated in its 2010 judgment in Ahmadou Sadio Diallo with respect to the UN Human Rights Committee. Yet according \u201cgreat weight\u201d to a supervisory body\u2019s interpretation does not amount to a legal obligation to accept it \u2014 the possibility of taking a position into account as a supplementary element does not transform it into a source of obligation. Nor was the formula adopted uncritically: Judge Bhandari suggested that, given the ILO\u2019s tripartite bodies, a \u201cdue weight\u201d formula would be more appropriate, while Judge Nolte cautioned that the language from Diallo should not be read as a general acknowledgment that treaty bodies\u2019 pronouncements always merit \u201cgreat weight.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ICJ\u2019s position is not an outlier in international jurisprudence. The Court systematized an approach it had already outlined in Diallo (2010) and Whaling in the Antarctic (2014), and which the International Law Commission described in its 2018 Conclusions. Their special rapporteur, Georg Nolte, now sits on the ICJ and was among the majority that issued the opinion at hand. Reservations about the de facto law-making role of treaty bodies are also voiced by part of international-law doctrine, which points out, among other things, that the UN Human Rights Committee\u2019s case law on abortion does not, in fact, offer legal reasoning for the positions it adopts. The 2011 San Jos\u00e9 Articles declaration is written in a similar spirit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implications for the dispute over the \u201cright to abortion\u201d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Ordo Iuris Institute has long pointed out that the positions of UN committees \u2014 the Human Rights Committee, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and others \u2014 do not create binding international obligations, particularly with respect to the so-called \u201cright to abortion\u201d that these bodies claim exists. The ICJ\u2019s opinion of May 21, 2026, reinforces this argument, since it comes from the UN\u2019s principal judicial organ and directly addresses the methodology for treating expert bodies\u2019 pronouncements in the process of treaty interpretation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Applying this methodology leads to the conclusion that the claim of a \u201cright to abortion\u201d \u2014 advanced, among others, by the UN Human Rights Committee in General Comment No. 36 of 2018 and by the CEDAW Committee \u2014 <strong>has no basis in existing treaties and creates no international obligation for states parties.<\/strong> Invoking committees\u2019 positions as a freestanding, binding source of obligation in this area is a methodological error that, after the ICJ\u2019s advisory opinion, no longer finds support in the authoritative interpretation of international law. As a result, states, including Poland, retain the freedom to shape their domestic regulations on the protection of prenatal life as a matter of sovereign choice, so long as those regulations remain consistent with the text of the treaties as read under the rules of the Vienna Convention \u2014 rather than with whatever committees would like to find in that text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIt should be recognized that no United Nations committee can, through its statements alone, determine the content of a treaty against its text and against the position of the states parties. This also applies to claims that a so-called right to abortion follows from human rights treaties,\u201d emphasizes attorney Anna Kubacka, an analyst at the Ordo Iuris Center for International Law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Translated using Claude.ai<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>See also:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ordoiuris.pl\/en\/press-newsdesk\/who-will-run-the-un-pro-abortion-and-gender-ideology-candidates-for-secretary-general\/\"><u>Who Will Run the UN? Pro-Abortion and Gender-Ideology Candidates for Secretary-General<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ordoiuris.pl\/en\/comments\/the-geneva-trap-why-poland-must-answer-for-a-un-resolution-it-helped-write\/\"><u>The Geneva Trap: Why Poland Must Answer for a UN Resolution It Helped Write<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ordoiuris.pl\/en\/press-newsdesk\/international-law-does-not-guarantee-the-right-to-abortion-argentinas-new-voice-at-the-un-forum\/\"><u>\u201cInternational Law Does Not Guarantee the Right to Abortion\u201d: Argentina\u2019s New Voice at the UN Forum<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ordoiuris.pl\/en\/press-newsdesk\/uns-cedaw-committee-manipulating-facts-when-saying-polands-abortion-ban-violates-human-rights\/\"><u>UN\u2019s CEDAW Committee Manipulating Facts When Saying Poland\u2019s Abortion Ban Violates Human Rights<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ordoiuris.pl\/en\/press-newsdesk\/un-committee-statement-declaring-abortion-a-human-right-contrary-to-international-law\/\"><u>UN Committee Statement Declaring Abortion a Human Right, Contrary to International Law<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Source of cover photo: iStock<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id40360_1dcba1-37 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id40360_1dcba1-37 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id40360_1dcba1-37 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1350px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 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<strong>us<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"radio-buttons\">\n\n\t\t\t\t                    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"o1\" value=\"80\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" name=\"selo\" id=\"rad1\" value=\"o1\" \/>\n                    <label for=\"rad1\">80<\/label>\n                                    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"o2\" value=\"130\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" name=\"selo\" id=\"rad2\" value=\"o2\" \/>\n                    <label for=\"rad2\">130<\/label>\n                                    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"o3\" value=\"200\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" name=\"selo\" id=\"rad3\" value=\"o3\" \/>\n                    <label for=\"rad3\">200<\/label>\n                                    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"o4\" value=\"300\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" name=\"selo\" id=\"rad4\" value=\"o4\" \/>\n                    <label for=\"rad4\">300<\/label>\n                                    <input type=\"hidden\" 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.kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column40360_1d3e9f-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column40360_1d3e9f-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column40360_1d3e9f-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column40360_1d3e9f-8f{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column40360_1d3e9f-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column40360_1d3e9f-8f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column40360_1d3e9f-8f\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In an advisory opinion on the right to strike, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled that the positions of UN committees do not 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