{"id":28755,"date":"2025-02-28T12:55:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-28T12:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/z6frttwr.ordoiuris.io\/komentarz\/zamachy-stanu-bez-uzycia-broni-metoda-lewicy-na-wladze-w-ameryce-lacinskiej\/"},"modified":"2025-05-08T13:14:11","modified_gmt":"2025-05-08T13:14:11","slug":"unarmed-coups-the-lefts-path-to-power-in-latin-america","status":"publish","type":"komentarze","link":"https:\/\/ordoiuris.pl\/en\/comments\/unarmed-coups-the-lefts-path-to-power-in-latin-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Unarmed Coups \u2013 The Left\u2019s Path to Power in Latin America"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-row-layout-id28755_acdd75-0c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id28755_acdd75-0c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id28755_acdd75-0c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1350px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id28755_acdd75-0c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id28755_acdd75-0c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id28755_acdd75-0c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id28755_acdd75-0c alignfull wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column28755_87ab51-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column28755_87ab51-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column28755_87ab51-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column28755_87ab51-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column28755_87ab51-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column28755_87ab51-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column28755_87ab51-d3{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column28755_87ab51-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column28755_87ab51-d3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column28755_87ab51-d3\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p><strong>An interview with Venezuelan dissident and essayist Alejandro Pe\u00f1a Esclusa conducted by Olivier Bault, Communications Director of the Ordo Iuris Institute. The Polish translation of this conversation was published on February 17 in the weekly\u00a0<em>Do Rzeczy<\/em>. Below, you will find a recording of this interview in English.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Unarmed Coups \u2013 The Left\u2019s Path to Power in Latin America\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gpCq0W6FBKc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Alejandro Pe\u00f1a Esclusa is an internationally recognized expert on leftist organizations operating in Latin America, particularly the S\u00e3o Paulo Forum. This organization was created in 1990, shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall, in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, by Cuban dictator Fidel Castro and Lula da Silva, the head of the Brazilian Workers\u2019 Party. The S\u00e3o Paulo Forum brings together socialist and communist parties and organizations from across Latin America, and up to ten incumbent presidents in the region are currently affiliated with it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pe\u00f1a Esclusa has written extensively on this topic, publishing numerous articles and several books, which have been translated in multiple languages (though, unfortunately, none in Polish). Two of his most notable books, published in 2023, are&nbsp;<em>The S\u00e3o Paulo Forum\u2019s Cultural Warfare<\/em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>The Electoral Fraud of the S\u00e3o Paulo Forum.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In his interview with Olivier Bault, Pe\u00f1a Esclusa explains the electoral fraud methods developed by the Hugo Ch\u00e1vez regime in Venezuela, which were later exported to other Latin American countries\u2014and beyond. He also discusses the relationship between the S\u00e3o Paulo Forum and the U.S. Democratic Party, while expressing concerns about the political situation in Europe. He sees parallels between developments in Europe and the processes he previously witnessed in Venezuela and other Latin American countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently residing in Italy, Pe\u00f1a Esclusa was imprisoned in Venezuela by the Ch\u00e1vez regime. Reflecting on his experience, he recalls:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<em>I was a presidential candidate when Hugo Ch\u00e1vez ran, and I said many things about him, all true, but he wasn&#8217;t worried about that. He really was worried when I started to travel all over Latin America explaining what the S\u00e3o Paulo Forum is. Then he ordered my jailing.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading28755_ce09da-6a, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading28755_ce09da-6a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading28755_ce09da-6a\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading28755_ce09da-6a mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading28755_ce09da-6a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading28755_ce09da-6a\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading28755_ce09da-6a img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading28755_ce09da-6a[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading28755_ce09da-6a\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading28755_ce09da-6a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" 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