{"id":40868,"date":"2026-09-17T12:21:23","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T10:21:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ordoiuris.pl\/?post_type=mysl-strategiczn&#038;p=40868"},"modified":"2026-09-17T12:22:52","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T10:22:52","slug":"luxembourg-overruled-polands-top-court-says-the-eu-cannot-decide-who-counts-as-a-judge","status":"publish","type":"mysl-strategiczn","link":"https:\/\/ordoiuris.pl\/en\/civilization\/luxembourg-overruled-polands-top-court-says-the-eu-cannot-decide-who-counts-as-a-judge\/","title":{"rendered":"Luxembourg Overruled: Poland\u2019s Top Court Says the EU Cannot Decide Who Counts as a Judge"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-row-layout-id40868_13b575-cc > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id40868_13b575-cc > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id40868_13b575-cc > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1350px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id40868_13b575-cc > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id40868_13b575-cc > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id40868_13b575-cc > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id40868_13b575-cc alignfull wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column40868_1cc93f-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column40868_1cc93f-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column40868_1cc93f-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column40868_1cc93f-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column40868_1cc93f-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column40868_1cc93f-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column40868_1cc93f-53{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column40868_1cc93f-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column40868_1cc93f-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column40868_1cc93f-53\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_96deac-c6, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_96deac-c6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_96deac-c6\"]{font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-family:'DrukWide Bold';}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_96deac-c6 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_96deac-c6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_96deac-c6\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_96deac-c6 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_96deac-c6[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_96deac-c6\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h2 class=\"kt-adv-heading40868_96deac-c6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_96deac-c6\"><strong>MAIN POINT<\/strong>s<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_88bb71-99, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_88bb71-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_88bb71-99\"]{max-width:50px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:50px;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-family:'DrukWide Bold';}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_88bb71-99 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_88bb71-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_88bb71-99\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_88bb71-99 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_88bb71-99[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_88bb71-99\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading40868_88bb71-99 wp360-single-one wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_88bb71-99\">1<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63\"]{max-width:1200px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:23px;line-height:1.3em;font-style:normal;font-family:var( u002du002dglobal-heading-font-family, inherit );}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63\"]{font-size:26px;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63\"]{font-size:18px;}}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_34f9af-63\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>On September 10, 2026, in Case P 10\/24, Poland\u2019s Constitutional Tribunal held that Article 19(1) TEU, with Article 47 of the Charter and Article 267 TFEU, cannot empower the CJEU to assess Polish judicial appointments.<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_bc9547-92, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_bc9547-92[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_bc9547-92\"]{max-width:50px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:50px;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-family:'DrukWide Bold';}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_bc9547-92 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_bc9547-92[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_bc9547-92\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_bc9547-92 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_bc9547-92[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_bc9547-92\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading40868_bc9547-92 wp360-single-one wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_bc9547-92\">2<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_9eab01-91, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_9eab01-91[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_9eab01-91\"]{max-width:1200px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:23px;line-height:1.3;font-style:normal;font-family:var( u002du002dglobal-heading-font-family, inherit );}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_9eab01-91 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_9eab01-91[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_9eab01-91\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_9eab01-91 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_9eab01-91[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_9eab01-91\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_9eab01-91, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_9eab01-91[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_9eab01-91\"]{font-size:18px;}}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading40868_9eab01-91 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_9eab01-91\">The case grew out of an ordinary contractual-penalty dispute that stalled after Judge Jacek Wid\u0142o asked to be recused \u2014 one of over 260 such requests he has filed.<\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_a7f2d1-f4, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_a7f2d1-f4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_a7f2d1-f4\"]{max-width:50px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:50px;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-family:'DrukWide Bold';}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_a7f2d1-f4 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_a7f2d1-f4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_a7f2d1-f4\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_a7f2d1-f4 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_a7f2d1-f4[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_a7f2d1-f4\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading40868_a7f2d1-f4 wp360-single-one wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_a7f2d1-f4\">3<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_103731-df, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_103731-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_103731-df\"]{max-width:1200px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:23px;line-height:1.3;font-style:normal;font-family:var( u002du002dglobal-heading-font-family, inherit );}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_103731-df mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_103731-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_103731-df\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_103731-df img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_103731-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_103731-df\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_103731-df, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_103731-df[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_103731-df\"]{font-size:18px;}}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading40868_103731-df wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_103731-df\">The Tribunal held that Poland never delegated to the EU any competence over the organization of its judiciary, so the CJEU acted beyond its conferred powers.<\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_690186-cd, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_690186-cd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_690186-cd\"]{max-width:50px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:50px;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-family:'DrukWide Bold';}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_690186-cd mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_690186-cd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_690186-cd\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_690186-cd img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_690186-cd[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_690186-cd\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading40868_690186-cd wp360-single-one wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_690186-cd\">4<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_c4d1f2-f8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_c4d1f2-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_c4d1f2-f8\"]{max-width:1200px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:23px;line-height:1.3;font-style:normal;font-family:var( u002du002dglobal-heading-font-family, inherit );}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_c4d1f2-f8 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_c4d1f2-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_c4d1f2-f8\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_c4d1f2-f8 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_c4d1f2-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_c4d1f2-f8\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_c4d1f2-f8, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_c4d1f2-f8[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_c4d1f2-f8\"]{font-size:18px;}}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading40868_c4d1f2-f8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_c4d1f2-f8\">The judgment answers the CJEU\u2019s March 24, 2026 ruling in Case C-521\/21, which had urged Polish courts to disapply the Constitution and the Tribunal\u2019s rulings.<\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_459f4e-ef, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_459f4e-ef[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_459f4e-ef\"]{max-width:50px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:50px;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-family:'DrukWide Bold';}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_459f4e-ef mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_459f4e-ef[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_459f4e-ef\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_459f4e-ef img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_459f4e-ef[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_459f4e-ef\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h3 class=\"kt-adv-heading40868_459f4e-ef wp360-single-one wp-block-kadence-advancedheading has-theme-palette-2-color has-text-color\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_459f4e-ef\">5<\/h3>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_f61e59-71, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_f61e59-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_f61e59-71\"]{max-width:1200px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:23px;line-height:1.3;font-style:normal;font-family:var( u002du002dglobal-heading-font-family, inherit );}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_f61e59-71 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_f61e59-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_f61e59-71\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_f61e59-71 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_f61e59-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_f61e59-71\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_f61e59-71, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_f61e59-71[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_f61e59-71\"]{font-size:18px;}}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading40868_f61e59-71 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_f61e59-71\">Final and universally binding, the judgment means CJEU assessments of Polish appointments produce no legal effects in Poland; courts relying on them act without a legal basis.<\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_1a6a06-0f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_1a6a06-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_1a6a06-0f\"]{max-width:1200px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;text-align:center;font-size:23px;line-height:1.3;font-style:normal;font-family:var( u002du002dglobal-heading-font-family, inherit );}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_1a6a06-0f mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_1a6a06-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_1a6a06-0f\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_1a6a06-0f img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_1a6a06-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_1a6a06-0f\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_1a6a06-0f, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_1a6a06-0f[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_1a6a06-0f\"]{font-size:18px;}}<\/style>\n<h4 class=\"kt-adv-heading40868_1a6a06-0f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_1a6a06-0f\"><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id40868_843d3a-cf{margin-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xl, 4rem);}.kb-row-layout-id40868_843d3a-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id40868_843d3a-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id40868_843d3a-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id40868_843d3a-cf > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id40868_843d3a-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id40868_843d3a-cf > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id40868_843d3a-cf alignfull wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column40868_bd4ed1-db > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column40868_bd4ed1-db > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column40868_bd4ed1-db > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column40868_bd4ed1-db > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column40868_bd4ed1-db > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column40868_bd4ed1-db > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column40868_bd4ed1-db{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column40868_bd4ed1-db > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column40868_bd4ed1-db > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column40868_bd4ed1-db\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image40868_eccadd-b3:not(.kb-specificity-added):not(.kb-extra-specificity-added){margin-bottom:-30px;}.wp-block-kadence-image.kb-image40868_eccadd-b3{position:relative;z-index:5;}.kb-image40868_eccadd-b3 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image40868_eccadd-b3\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"114\" height=\"54\" src=\"https:\/\/ordoiuris.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/wpis-obrazek.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-4085\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-40868_1eb8d1-48 .kt-block-spacer{height:6px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-40868_1eb8d1-48 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#ced2ea;width:100%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-40868_1eb8d1-48\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id40868_55efe5-f2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id40868_55efe5-f2 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id40868_55efe5-f2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1350px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id40868_55efe5-f2 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id40868_55efe5-f2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id40868_55efe5-f2 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id40868_55efe5-f2 alignfull wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column40868_77caa3-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column40868_77caa3-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column40868_77caa3-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column40868_77caa3-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column40868_77caa3-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column40868_77caa3-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column40868_77caa3-2c{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column40868_77caa3-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column40868_77caa3-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column40868_77caa3-2c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On September 10, 2026, Poland\u2019s Constitutional Tribunal ruled that the second subparagraph of Article 19(1) of the Treaty on European Union, read together with Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Article 267 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, is incompatible with the Polish Constitution insofar as those provisions confer on the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) the power to assess Poland\u2019s judicial appointment procedure and to hold that a bench including judges appointed by the President of Poland is not a court \u2014 and insofar as they are understood to bind Polish courts to such an assessment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The question was referred by Poland\u2019s Supreme Court in an ordinary dispute over a contractual penalty. Its real cause, however, was that one of the three judges assigned to the bench \u2014 Judge Jacek Wid\u0142o \u2014 himself challenged his own status and asked to be recused, as he has done in more than 260 other cases, instead of honestly resigning from office.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The judgment is at the same time an answer to the CJEU\u2019s ruling of March 24, 2026 in Case C-521\/21, in which the Luxembourg court called on Polish courts to disapply the Polish Constitution and the judgments of the Constitutional Tribunal and to examine for themselves the circumstances in which other judges had been appointed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For readers outside Poland, some background is in order. The dispute goes back to the 2017 reform of the National Council of the Judiciary (NCJ), the constitutional body that vets candidates for judicial office and submits nominations to the President: the fifteen judicial members of the Council, previously chosen by judges themselves, were from then on elected by the Sejm, Poland\u2019s lower house of parliament. The European Commission treated that change as a threat to judicial independence, triggering the Article 7 procedure in December 2017 and then bringing Poland before the CJEU \u2014 a sequence of events set out in Patryk Regalski\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eclj.org\/geopolitics\/eu\/lattaque-de-la-commission-europeenne-contre-la-reforme-de-la-justice-en-pologne--resume-chronologie-et-enjeux?lng=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">chronology of the Commission\u2019s campaign against the Polish judicial reform<\/a>\u00a0for the European Centre for Law and Justice (ECLJ), whose substance he examined in a companion study on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eclj.org\/geopolitics\/eu\/la-reforme-du-conseil-de-la-magistrature-polonais-et-lindependance-de-la-justice?lng=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the reform of the Polish Judicial Council and the independence of the judiciary<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The underlying question \u2014 whether EU law prevails over national constitutions \u2014 is not a Polish peculiarity. As the Ordo Iuris Institute\u2019s comparative study of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ordoiuris.pl\/en\/analyses\/case-law-in-selected-eu-member-states-on-constitutional-supremacy-over-eu-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">case law in selected EU member states on constitutional supremacy over EU law<\/a>\u00a0shows, the constitutional courts of Germany, Italy, Denmark, the Czech Republic, Spain, France and Romania have each, in one form or another, reserved the last word to their own constitutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Polish\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/trybunal.gov.pl\/postepowanie-i-orzeczenia\/komunikaty-prasowe\/komunikaty-przed\/art\/status-sedziego-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Supreme Court\u2019s question of law concerning the status of a judge<\/a>\u00a0(ref. P 10\/24) was heard by a five-judge panel, with Judge Stanis\u0142aw Piotrowicz as rapporteur. It concerns a question that has for eight years been one of the main axes of the entire dispute over the Polish judiciary: whether the Court of Justice of the European Union may rule on who, in Poland, is a judge. The Constitutional Tribunal\u2019s answer is once again unambiguously negative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/obserwator-praworzadnosci.pl\/en\/luxembourg-overruled-polands-top-court-says-the-eu-cannot-decide-who-counts-as-a-judge\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/obserwator-praworzadnosci.pl\/en\/who-decides-who-judges-in-poland-a-prime-ministers-signature-becomes-a-tool-to-block-the-courts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Full text available at the Rule of Law Observer<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_d1e1d7-50, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_d1e1d7-50[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_d1e1d7-50\"]{font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_d1e1d7-50 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_d1e1d7-50[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_d1e1d7-50\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_d1e1d7-50 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading40868_d1e1d7-50[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_d1e1d7-50\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<p class=\"kt-adv-heading40868_d1e1d7-50 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading40868_d1e1d7-50\"><em>Source of cover photo:<\/em> <em>iStock<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id40868_91699a-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id40868_91699a-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id40868_91699a-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1350px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id40868_91699a-04{background-image:url('https:\/\/ordoiuris.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/widget-tlo-1.jpg');background-size:cover;background-position:center center;background-attachment:scroll;background-repeat:no-repeat;}.kb-row-layout-id40868_91699a-04 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id40868_91699a-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id40868_91699a-04 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id40868_91699a-04 alignfull kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column40868_f9f3fe-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column40868_f9f3fe-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column40868_f9f3fe-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column40868_f9f3fe-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column40868_f9f3fe-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column40868_f9f3fe-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column40868_f9f3fe-51{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column40868_f9f3fe-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column40868_f9f3fe-51 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column40868_f9f3fe-51\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<style>\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram {\n\t\tpadding: 1em;\n\t\tpadding-top: var(--global-kb-spacing-xxl, 5rem);\n\t\tpadding-bottom: var(--global-kb-spacing-xxl, 5rem);\n\t\tfont-family: var(--global-heading-font-family);\n\t}\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram * {\n\t\tbox-sizing: border-box;\n\t\tfont-size: 20px;\n\t\tcolor: var(--dynamic-color);\n\t}\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram .oi-widget-content {\n\t\tpadding: 0 0 10em 0;\n\t}\n\t\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram h2 {\n\t\tfont-style: normal;\n\t\tfont-weight: normal;\n\t\tfont-size: 34px;\n\t\tline-height: 1.5;\n\t\tfont-family: var(--global-heading-font-family);\n\t\tcolor: var(--global-palette2);\n\t}\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram h2 strong {\n\t\tcolor: #0000;\n\t\t-webkit-text-stroke: var(--global-palette2) 1px;\n\t\tfont-size: 85px;\n\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\tline-height: 1;\n\t}\n\n\n\t\/* buttony kwot *\/\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram .radio-buttons {\n\t\tdisplay: grid;\n\t\tgrid-gap: 0.5em;\n\t\tgrid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;\n\t\tmax-width: 615px;\n\t\tpadding: 0.5em 0;\n\t}\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram .radio-buttons input[type=radio] {\n\t\tdisplay: none;\n\t}\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram .radio-buttons label {\n\t\tdisplay: inline-block;\n\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\tpadding: 10px;\n\t\tbackground: var(--global-palette1);\n\t\t--dynamic-color: black;\n\t\tcursor: pointer;\n\t\tuser-select: none;\n\t\ttransition: all 0.2s ease;\n\t\tborder-radius: 100px;\n\t}\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram .radio-buttons input[type=radio]:checked + label {\n\t\tbackground: white;\n\t}\n\n\n\t\/* inna kwota *\/\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram .inna-kwota {\n\t\tposition: relative;\n\t}\n\t\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram .inna-kwota input {\n\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\tbackground: transparent;\n\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\tborder: 0;\n\t\toutline: 0;\n\t\tfont-family: var(--global-heading-font-family);\n\t}\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram input::-webkit-outer-spin-button,\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram input::-webkit-inner-spin-button {\n\t\t-webkit-appearance: none;\n\t\tmargin: 0;\n\t}\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram input[type=number] {\n\t\t-moz-appearance: textfield; \/* Firefox *\/\n\t\tbox-shadow: none;\n\t\tpadding: 0;\n\t}\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram ::placeholder {\n\t\tcolor: var(--dynamic-color);\n\t\topacity: 1; \/* Firefox *\/\n\t}\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram ::-ms-input-placeholder {\n\t\tcolor: var(--dynamic-color);\n\t}\n\n\n\t\/* button WSPIERAM *\/\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram button[type=submit] {\n\t\tbackground: transparent;\n\t\tborder: solid var(--global-palette2) 2px;\n\t\t--dynamic-color: var(--global-palette2);\n\t\tmargin-top: 2rem;\n\t\tpadding: 10px 60px 10px 30px;\n\t\tcursor: pointer;\n\t\ttransition: all 0.2s ease;\n\t\tposition: relative;\n\t}\n\t\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram button[type=submit]:after {\n\t\tcontent: \"\";\n\t\tposition: absolute;\n\t\tbackground-repeat: no-repeat !important;\n\t\tbackground: url(\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/strzalka-link.png);\n\t\twidth: 48px;\n\t\theight: 22px;\n\t\ttop: 20px;\n\t\tright: 0;\n\t\tbackground-size: 30px 13px;\n\t\ttransition-duration: 800ms;\n\t}\n\t#oi-widget-wspieram button[type=submit]:hover:after {\n\t\ttransform: translate(3px);\n\t}\n\t\n\n    \/* medium *\/\t\n\t@media only screen and (max-width: 1380px) {\n\t\t#oi-widget-wspieram .oi-widget-content {\n\t\t\tpadding: 0;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\n\n    \/* mobile *\/\t\n\t@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {\n\t    #oi-widget-wspieram {\n    \t\tpadding: 1.5em 1em;\n\t    }\n\t    #oi-widget-wspieram::after {\n    \t\tbackground-position: 70%;\n    \t\topacity: .5;\n\t    }\n\t\t#oi-widget-wspieram .oi-widget-content {\n\t\t\tpadding: 0;\n\t\t}\n\t\t#oi-widget-wspieram h2 {\n\t\t\tfont-size: 27px;\n\t\t}\n\t\t#oi-widget-wspieram h2 strong {\n\t\t\tfont-size: 70px;\n\t\t}\n        #oi-widget-wspieram .radio-buttons {\n            grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n        }\n\t}\n\n<\/style>\n\n\t<form id=\"oi-widget-wspieram\" action=\"https:\/\/wspieram.ordoiuris.pl?lang=en\" method=\"get\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\n\t\t<div class=\"oi-widget-content\">\n\n\t\t\t<h2>Support <strong>us<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"radio-buttons\">\n\n\t\t\t\t                    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"o1\" value=\"80\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" name=\"selo\" id=\"rad1\" value=\"o1\" \/>\n                    <label for=\"rad1\">80<\/label>\n                                    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"o2\" value=\"130\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" name=\"selo\" id=\"rad2\" value=\"o2\" \/>\n                    <label for=\"rad2\">130<\/label>\n                                    <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"o3\" value=\"200\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input 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